Both MariaDB and MySQL are the types of Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), which are free and open-source software. In 2009, Michael Monty Widenius, the founder of MySQL, decided to develop a fork of MySQL and named it MariaDB. MariaDB provides commercial support to MySQL.
Both RDBMS software is used to store data as a tabular form in the database and have their benefits, so the organization's better choice depends on the specific requirements and goals. Let us understand the essential differences between MariaDB and MySQL on the following basis:
Let's understand the difference between MariaDB and MySQL on the following basis:
1) Initial Release and Stable Release
MariaDB was initially released on 29 October 2009. It had its stable release on 12 May 2020. In contrast, MySQL was initially released on 23 May 1995. Its stable release was on 27 April 2020.
2) Developers
MariaDB was developed by MariaDB Corporation AB, MariaDB Foundation. In contrast, MySQL was originally started by a Swedish company, MySQL AB, in 1994. In 2008, Sun Microsystems acquired MySQL AB. Later, in 2010, Sun Microsystems was led by Oracle Corporation. Thus, Oracle Corporation develops and maintains MySQL at present.
3) Programming Languages used
MariaDB is written in C, C++, Perl, and Bash programming languages. In contrast MySQL is written in C and C++ programming languages.
4) Users
MariaDB prominent customers are DBS, Red hat, Google, Ubuntu, Wikipedia, SuSE, etc. while MySQL prominent users are YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Netflix, NASA, Tesla, etc.
5) Compatibility
MySQL is an open-source RDBMS that stores data in the form of tables, triggers, views, or stored procedures. It uses different keys, such as a unique key, primary key, foreign key, etc. to maintain data integrity and redundancy. On the other hand, MariaDB is an extended version (fork) of MySQL having new extensive features, such as Cursors with parameters, INVISIBLE columns, NEW statements, and many more. These additional features make it excellent that help us to replace MySQL with MariaDB. It has a similar database structure and indexes as MySQL. Therefore, it is compatible to import/export our application from MySQL to MariaDB without any alteration and modification.
6) Versions
In MySQL, there exists a version gap between 5.1 and 5.5. The latest release of MySQL is v5.8. While, MariaDB has continuous versions as 5.2, 5.3. MariaDB version 5.5 carries all the features of MySQL version 5.5. The latest release of MariaDB is v10.4.
7) Storage Engines
In MySQL, BLACKHOLE, MyISAM, MERGE, InnoDB, CSV, etc. storage engines are included for data storage. On the other hand, MariaDB includes 12 new additional storage engines with MariaDB sources and Binary Packages.
8) Encryption
MariaDB provides support to temporary table encryption as well as binary log encryption. On the other hand, MySQL does not provide support to the temporary table's encryption and binary log encryption. But, it encrypts the undo/redo logs when they are configured to do so.
9) Password Validation
MySQL consists of a default feature of improving security by validating and testing the passwords. Whereas MariaDB does not offer such features.
10) Performance
As MariaDB consists of more storage engines, it provides fast execution of different operations such as insert, update, and delete on the data. MariaDB's performance is 4x times faster than MySQL. In contrast, MySQL cannot execute as fast as MariaDB can.
11) Replication
Different versions of MariaDB allow us to replicate data from MySQL server to the MariaDB server. In contrast, MySQL versions do not allow data to replicate from the MariaDB server to it. MySQL offers master-slave replication, whereas MariaDB offers master-master and master-slave replication of the data.
12) Cloud Platforms
MySQL is available as a managed service on Google Cloud platforms, and as a service on Amazon Web Services(AWS), Rackspace Cloud, and Microsoft Azure. On the other hand, MariaDB is available as a service on Rackspace Cloud, Microsoft Azure, and AWS only.
13) License
MariaDB contains only one license of GPLv2 (for community server). While MySQL provides two licenses: GPLv2 (for community server) and Enterprise license.
14) Syntax
Although there are many differences between MariaDB and MySQL, the syntactical structure is the same for both.
Let's see how:
To select all records from the STUDENT table:
To delete records from the STUDENT table:
MariaDB vs. MySQL
Let us summarise the
above differences in tabular form.
|
Parameters |
MySQL |
MariaDB |
|
Definition |
It is an
open-source, cross-platform relational database management system built by
Swedish Company MYSQL AB. Oracle Corporation develops and maintains at
present. |
It is a fork of the
MySQL database management system that has data processing capabilities for
small and enterprise tasks. The fork means to guarantees the MySQL codebase
would be free forever. It is an improved and advanced version of MySQL. |
|
Initial Release |
The first release
of MySQL is in May 1995. |
The first release
of MariaDB is in October 2009. |
|
Current Release |
The latest release
of MySQL is 8.0.20 on 27 April 2020. |
The latest release
of MariaDB is 10.4.13 on 12 May 2020. |
|
Protocols |
MySQL |
MySQL and MariaDB |
|
Source Code |
Open-source and
Proprietary |
Open-source |
|
Replication |
MySQL versions do
not allow data to replicate from the MariaDB server to it. MySQL offers
master-slave replication. |
Different versions
of MariaDB allow us to replicate data from MySQL server to the MariaDB
server. MariaDB offers master-master and master-slave replication of the
data. |
|
Storage Engines |
It has limited
storage engines: |
It has extensive
storage engine: |
|
Check Constraint |
It does not have a
check constraint. |
It provides support
for check constraints. |
|
Speed |
It has a slower
speed in comparison to MariaDB. |
It provides faster
speed because it is the advanced version of MySQL. |
|
Connection Pool |
MySQL thread pool
can support less than 200,000 connections per time. |
MariaDB has an
advanced thread pool that provides faster execution and can support more than
200,000 connections per time. |
|
Development |
Closed |
Open |
|
Document
Maintenance |
Oracle Corporation
maintains the document. |
MariaDB Foundation
and other developers can also participate in development and maintenance. |
|
Routing |
It has MySQL
Router. |
It has a MariaDB
MaxScale. |
|
Data Masking |
It does not allow
data masking. |
It allows data
masking. |
|
GUI |
It provides MySQL
Workbench. |
It provides SQLyog. |
|
Company Use |
GitHub, US Navy,
NASA, Tesla, Netflix, WeChat, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Spotify. |
Google, Craigslist,
Wikipedia, archlinux, Red Hat, CentOS, and Fedora. |
Features of MySQL
The essential features of the MySQL database are given below:
- MySQL is a relational database management system and easy to use. We can build and interact with MySQL by using only a few simple SQL statements.
- It is secure because passwords are encrypted in MySQL.
- It follows a client /server model.
- It is free and open-source.
- It is easily scalable and provides high performance, high flexibility, and high productivity.
- It has robust transactional support that allows transactions to be rolled back, commit, and crash recovery.
Features of MariaDB
The essential features of the MariaDB database are given below:
- It is free, open-source, and licensed under the GPL, LGPL, or BSD.
- It provides backward compatibility.
- It is based on the MySQL community version. It is because MariaDB is the improved version of MySQL.
- It gives many storage engines, including high-performance storage engines, for working with other RDBMS data sources.
- It can run on various operating systems and supports a variety of programming languages.
- It has support for PHP, which is one of the popular web development languages.
- It offers Galera cluster technology.
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