Both MariaDB and MySQL are the types of Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), which are free and open-source software. In 2009, Michael Monty Widenius, the founder of MySQL, decided to develop a fork of MySQL and named it MariaDB. MariaDB provides commercial support to MySQL.

Both RDBMS software is used to store data as a tabular form in the database and have their benefits, so the organization's better choice depends on the specific requirements and goals. Let us understand the essential differences between MariaDB and MySQL on the following basis:

MariaDB vs MySQL

Let's understand the difference between MariaDB and MySQL on the following basis:

1) Initial Release and Stable Release

MariaDB was initially released on 29 October 2009. It had its stable release on 12 May 2020. In contrast, MySQL was initially released on 23 May 1995. Its stable release was on 27 April 2020.

2) Developers

MariaDB was developed by MariaDB Corporation AB, MariaDB Foundation. In contrast, MySQL was originally started by a Swedish company, MySQL AB, in 1994. In 2008, Sun Microsystems acquired MySQL AB. Later, in 2010, Sun Microsystems was led by Oracle Corporation. Thus, Oracle Corporation develops and maintains MySQL at present.

3) Programming Languages used

MariaDB is written in C, C++Perl, and Bash programming languages. In contrast MySQL is written in C and C++ programming languages.

4) Users

MariaDB prominent customers are DBS, Red hat, Google, Ubuntu, Wikipedia, SuSE, etc. while MySQL prominent users are YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Netflix, NASA, Tesla, etc.

5) Compatibility

MySQL is an open-source RDBMS that stores data in the form of tables, triggers, views, or stored procedures. It uses different keys, such as a unique key, primary key, foreign key, etc. to maintain data integrity and redundancy. On the other hand, MariaDB is an extended version (fork) of MySQL having new extensive features, such as Cursors with parameters, INVISIBLE columns, NEW statements, and many more. These additional features make it excellent that help us to replace MySQL with MariaDB. It has a similar database structure and indexes as MySQL. Therefore, it is compatible to import/export our application from MySQL to MariaDB without any alteration and modification.

6) Versions

In MySQL, there exists a version gap between 5.1 and 5.5. The latest release of MySQL is v5.8. While, MariaDB has continuous versions as 5.2, 5.3. MariaDB version 5.5 carries all the features of MySQL version 5.5. The latest release of MariaDB is v10.4.

7) Storage Engines

In MySQL, BLACKHOLE, MyISAM, MERGE, InnoDB, CSV, etc. storage engines are included for data storage. On the other hand, MariaDB includes 12 new additional storage engines with MariaDB sources and Binary Packages.

8) Encryption

MariaDB provides support to temporary table encryption as well as binary log encryption. On the other hand, MySQL does not provide support to the temporary table's encryption and binary log encryption. But, it encrypts the undo/redo logs when they are configured to do so.

9) Password Validation

MySQL consists of a default feature of improving security by validating and testing the passwords. Whereas MariaDB does not offer such features.

10) Performance

As MariaDB consists of more storage engines, it provides fast execution of different operations such as insert, update, and delete on the data. MariaDB's performance is 4x times faster than MySQL. In contrast, MySQL cannot execute as fast as MariaDB can.

11) Replication

Different versions of MariaDB allow us to replicate data from MySQL server to the MariaDB server. In contrast, MySQL versions do not allow data to replicate from the MariaDB server to it. MySQL offers master-slave replication, whereas MariaDB offers master-master and master-slave replication of the data.

12) Cloud Platforms

MySQL is available as a managed service on Google Cloud platforms, and as a service on Amazon Web Services(AWS), Rackspace Cloud, and Microsoft Azure. On the other hand, MariaDB is available as a service on Rackspace Cloud, Microsoft Azure, and AWS only.

13) License

MariaDB contains only one license of GPLv2 (for community server). While MySQL provides two licenses: GPLv2 (for community server) and Enterprise license.

14) Syntax

Although there are many differences between MariaDB and MySQL, the syntactical structure is the same for both.

Let's see how:

To select all records from the STUDENT table:

  1. MariaDB: SELECT * FROM STUDENT;  
  2. MySQL: SELECT * FROM STUDENT;  

To delete records from the STUDENT table:

  1. MariaDB: DELETE FROM STUDENT <where condition>;  
  2. MySQL: DELETE FROM STUDENT <where condition>;  

MariaDB vs. MySQL

Let us summarise the above differences in tabular form.

Parameters

MySQL

MariaDB

Definition

It is an open-source, cross-platform relational database management system built by Swedish Company MYSQL AB. Oracle Corporation develops and maintains at present.

It is a fork of the MySQL database management system that has data processing capabilities for small and enterprise tasks. The fork means to guarantees the MySQL codebase would be free forever. It is an improved and advanced version of MySQL.

Initial Release

The first release of MySQL is in May 1995.

The first release of MariaDB is in October 2009.

Current Release

The latest release of MySQL is 8.0.20 on 27 April 2020.

The latest release of MariaDB is 10.4.13 on 12 May 2020.

Protocols

MySQL

MySQL and MariaDB

Source Code

Open-source and Proprietary

Open-source

Replication

MySQL versions do not allow data to replicate from the MariaDB server to it. MySQL offers master-slave replication.

Different versions of MariaDB allow us to replicate data from MySQL server to the MariaDB server. MariaDB offers master-master and master-slave replication of the data.

Storage Engines

It has limited storage engines:
InnoDB
MyISAM
BLACKHOLE
CSV
MEMORY
ARCHIVE
MERGE

It has extensive storage engine:
MyISAM
BLACKHOLE
CSV
MEMORY
ARCHIVE
MERGE
ColumnStore
MyRocks
Aria
SphinxSE
TokuDB
CONNECT
SEQUENCE
Spider
Cassandra

Check Constraint

It does not have a check constraint.

It provides support for check constraints.

Speed

It has a slower speed in comparison to MariaDB.

It provides faster speed because it is the advanced version of MySQL.

Connection Pool

MySQL thread pool can support less than 200,000 connections per time.

MariaDB has an advanced thread pool that provides faster execution and can support more than 200,000 connections per time.

Development

Closed

Open

Document Maintenance

Oracle Corporation maintains the document.

MariaDB Foundation and other developers can also participate in development and maintenance.

Routing

It has MySQL Router.

It has a MariaDB MaxScale.

Data Masking

It does not allow data masking.

It allows data masking.

GUI

It provides MySQL Workbench.

It provides SQLyog.

Company Use

GitHub, US Navy, NASA, Tesla, Netflix, WeChat, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Spotify.

Google, Craigslist, Wikipedia, archlinux, Red Hat, CentOS, and Fedora.

Features of MySQL

 The essential features of the MySQL database are given below:

  • MySQL is a relational database management system and easy to use. We can build and interact with MySQL by using only a few simple SQL statements.
  • It is secure because passwords are encrypted in MySQL.
  • It follows a client /server model.
  • It is free and open-source.
  • It is easily scalable and provides high performance, high flexibility, and high productivity.
  • It has robust transactional support that allows transactions to be rolled back, commit, and crash recovery.

Features of MariaDB

The essential features of the MariaDB database are given below:

  • It is free, open-source, and licensed under the GPL, LGPL, or BSD.
  • It provides backward compatibility.
  • It is based on the MySQL community version. It is because MariaDB is the improved version of MySQL.
  • It gives many storage engines, including high-performance storage engines, for working with other RDBMS data sources.
  • It can run on various operating systems and supports a variety of programming languages.
  • It has support for PHP, which is one of the popular web development languages.
  • It offers Galera cluster technology.